Anime, also known as Japanimation, encompasses hand-drawn and computer-generated animations originating from Japan. The term "anime" is derived from the English word "animation" and, within Japan, broadly refers to all forms of animated media. However, outside Japan, "anime" specifically denotes animation produced in Japan or a style associated with Japanese animation—often characterized by vibrant visuals, expressive characters, and fantastical themes. This cultural distinction allows for the possibility that anime-style works created in other countries might also be included under the term. Japanese animation's commercial origins date back to 1917, with a distinctive art style emerging in the 1960s through the influential works of Osamu Tezuka. This style gained global prominence in the latter half of the 20th century, cultivating a large domestic and international fanbase. Anime is distributed through various channels, including theatrical screenings, television broadcasts, direct-to-home media, and online platforms. Many anime are original works, but a significant number are adaptations of Japanese manga, light novels, or video games. Over time, production techniques have evolved in response to technological advancements, integrating diverse multimedia elements such as graphic art, strong characterization, cinematography, and innovative visual effects. Unlike traditional animation that emphasizes fluid movement, anime often prioritizes detailed, realistic settings and employs cinematic techniques like panning, zooming, and varied camera angles to enhance storytelling. The art styles in anime are highly varied, with character proportions ranging from exaggerated features—such as large, expressive eyes—to more realistic depictions. Anime spans numerous genres, catering to a broad spectrum of audiences, from mainstream viewers to niche communities. Additionally, terms like "wapanese" and "weeaboo" have emerged within Western fan communities—particularly in the United States—to describe individuals, often white, who display a keen interest in Japanese culture and anime. "Wapanese" initially referred to white fans aspiring to be Japanese, while "weeaboo" became a more popular term to describe those with a fervent fascination with Japanese anime and culture.
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